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今日讲解一个字“满”,满族之满,满足之满。
满,古文写法及演变过程如下:
古文写法与现代楷书差别还是很大的,我们来仔细研究一番。
目前资料最早只能查到小篆体。
满字从水,表明与水灌满某种器皿有关。右侧的字符即代表某种器皿,那这是个什么器皿呢?
这个器皿,要理解它,必须知道革字头的意义。革字头,属兑卦,兑为口,可表示容器的开口。其余各部字形象鬲字。所以这个字符实际表示了类似鬲的一种容器。下部分三个容积仓存水,上面共用一个加水口,水满则三个容积仓内都满了。
比较一下鬲字与?的古字形,除了上部写法有别,下部则完全一样。因此若理解了?字上部革字头代表开口,则?字就是鬲。实物见下图。
鬲,发明很早,大约夏之前就已有之,烧水的器皿,受热面增大便于烧水。
因此“满”字的意义就是用水将鬲灌满的意思。
“满”字的另外一种写法见图一中的一类字形,外部一个封闭的框,内里一个亥字,亥字头上一只眼睛,有些旁边还有三撇或人字。理解这种写法,我们要理解一点儿易学知识和汉字字符的知识。
亥字我们在前面讲解过,其是河流水系的示意图。眼睛则属离卦,可以表示中空的器皿或空的凹坑。于是这种写法的满字有水系流动充满一个凹坑的意义,故也有满盈的意义。
满字在现代汉语中的含义,都是从“充满”这一意象中引伸而得,其常用含义如下:
【满 mǎn
1.全部充实;达到容量的极点:会场里人都~了。装得太~了。
2.使满:~上这一杯吧!
3.达到一定期限:假期已~。不~一年。
4.全;整个:~身油泥。~屋子的烟。
5.完全:~不在乎。~有资格。
6.满足:~意。心~意足。
7.骄傲:自~。~招损,谦受益。
8.姓。
9.满族:~人。】
理解了“满”字的本义,上述各含义均易引伸理解,故不再赘述。
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