讵的意思?谏诤的意思!


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新华社天津1月19日电(记者周润健)“小寒大寒,冷成冰团”,北京时间1月20日16时30分将迎来大寒节气。此时节,我国大部分地区依然处在严寒时期,也正如民谚所说:“大寒时处三四九,天寒地冻冰上走。”

天津民俗专家、专栏作家由国庆介绍,大寒同小寒一样,也是表示天气寒冷程度的节气,通常出现在公历每年1月20日或21日。大寒是一年中最后一个节气,也是阴阳转换的重要节点,即冬天即将结束、春天随之到来的转折点。此节气内,常伴有寒潮、大风和雨雪天气,气候比较干燥。近代气象观测记录表明,在我国绝大部分地区,大寒反倒不如小寒冷,不过,在某些年份和沿海少数地方,全年最低气温仍然会出现在大寒节气内。

人们常说“大寒年年有,不在三九在四九”。“今年大寒始于‘四九’第三天,终于‘五九’第八天。”由国庆说。

每个节气分三候,五天为一候,大寒三候中的第三候为“水泽腹坚”,意思是说因天气寒冷,河湖中的水完全结冰,此时最结实也最厚实。待这最后五天结束,也意味着冬季行将结束,寒尽春生,立春节气接踵而至,由此,新一轮二十四节气周而复始。正如唐代诗人元稹所说:“冬与春交替,星周月讵存?明朝换新律,梅柳待阳春。”

从小寒初候梅花绽放开始,以五天一候为时序,接下来山茶水仙瑞香兰花山矾依次开花,它们或形态清隽,或花香馥郁。“堪与梅花竞标格,冲寒也向雪中开”“梅蕊暗黄初过雪,兰芽浅紫未离寒”……类似上述“二十四番花信风”的缕缕花香和清心雅意陪伴着人们从隆冬走向又一个春天。

大寒时节,人们在饮食上需要注意哪些?由国庆结合民间传统和养生专家的建议说,除坚持一般原则外,还应保证热量供应充足,饮食以温热的食物为主,如牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉、猪肝、鲫鱼、韭菜等,但不可过多进食,以免上火。与此同时应多吃芹菜、油菜、菠菜、黄瓜、茼蒿等绿色蔬菜以及胡萝卜等,有利滋阴平肝、润肠止渴、补肝养血。另外宜食各种坚果,不仅能补给日常营养,还能缓解疲劳,补充能量,预防疾病。(完)

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