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今日讲解一下“井”字。传统解释如下:
【“井”字始见于商代。传统认为甲骨文(图1)的“井”字模拟的是木料或石料围起来的井栏杆,当中空为井口。西周以后,“井”字当中多出一圆点,指井中有水,也可能表示汲水用的桶或罐子。有人认为,“井”字是商周奴隶社会时“井田制”的产物。奴隶主为了便于管理,将一里见方的土地,划为九个区,形状像“井”字。每区约一百亩地,八家各占一区,负责耕种收获。当中那一块为公田,劳务由八家共同负担。而在公田中央,掘有水井供八家灌溉农田,人畜饮用。还有人认为,根据新石器时代的浙江河姆渡遗址的一口水井来看,外围近圆形,里面是一个方形竖井。先民取用坑中的水,当坑内水源枯竭时,就在坑内向下挖成一竖井。为了防止井壁坍塌,挖井前先民先在坑中打入四排木桩,组成一个方形桩木墙,然后将排桩内的泥土挖出。排桩内顶还套了一个方形木框,其外观正是古老象形文字所描画的形象。在河北藁城台西村商代遗址中发现的两口水井底部也发现了木质“井”字形方框结构。由此可见,“井”字模拟的应是这种用于加固的水井方框支架,也即后来文献所称的“井干”。这个“井”字就像从很高的位置俯视下去看到的井底。】
以上乃现代人甚至远至东汉时期人们对“井”字表示水井的诸多似是而非的解释。
井字古今几乎没有形变,但为何这个符号有水井的意义,恐怕都难以有圆满的解释!
首先,认为汉字是象形文字的人们,就会搅尽脑汁地想,这个符号怎么就象井了?左看也不象,右看也不象口井,于是就说象井的栏杆。
感觉实在不太象,于是就又想到说古代井田制的时候,中间一块地会打井。这个观点恐怕连他自己也说服不了,更别说去考证点儿什么历史遗迹了!
汉字难理解,犹如天书《周易》!!!学过一点儿易学知识的人,总在似懂非懂之间。一篇《周易》,里面的几千个文字似乎我们都认识,可在文章中应如何理解才正确却根本摸不着头脑!大师们以为自己懂,解读起来却东一榔头西一棒,根本圆不了场!
这个“井”字就非常地考验当代人!不知易道,就无法揭秘!
问:井字象什么呢?
答:原来“井”字的象还真不是水井,是某种纵横交错的材料构成的某种结构,具体的比如说脚手架,导弹发射架,葡萄架,榫卯结构构成的架子之类的东西。
那这种结构物为什么又能表示水井呢?关键就在井卦的意象。 我们读《周易》的井卦,从一开始就把其意象与水井联系上了,不会想到其还有其它的许多的象。实际上结构件就是其一种典型的象。
井卦内巽是一种构造物,即由许多材料组合而成的一个物体,阴爻代表多数材料,上两阳爻代表组合而成的一体之物,所以巽为构造物。 井卦上坎为交叉为交点(想想癸字即可明白),于是井卦以内巽为主就为一种用材料交叉组合构筑成的构造物。这就是井卦卦名的来历。
那么表示构造物的井字,为何又有水井之象呢?也要再分析一下井卦的意象。 巽卦表达运动有渗出的意象,阳爻之少数物从阴爻象征的多数物中渗出,上坎又为水,所以井卦的意象又有不断渗出水的水井意象。于是在《周易》取井卦的水井之象后,人们便把表示构造物的“井”字取义为水井了,反而其原始字象“构造物”却被人们遗忘了。
井=构造物=水井,就是因为了上坎下巽的井卦。这一转换过程是没有易学知识的人无论如何也想不出来的秘密!汉字的易理背景,在大秦朝之前的读书人那里还几乎是常识,东汉后却再无人能理解了。这就是中华易道传承的断层所在,大约在篆书被隶书完全正式替代后发生了!
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