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整理《晨晚习典》,读到“曾国藩日记”中的《日课四条》
“一曰慎独则心安;二曰主敬则身强;三曰求仁则人悦;四曰习劳则神钦。”,其中,“主敬则身强”五个字让我内心一颤,深感自己在太多的方面缺乏“敬”之心。借着学习“敬”字,修理自己那颗骄傲的心。
“敬”字初义
会意字。金文的左边是个口,右边是一只手,拿着棍子或鞭子。两相会意,表示手举着木棍,用口吆喝着,传出戒、慎的意思。《说文·茍部》:“敬,肃也。
“敬”的本义为做事认真、恭敬、端肃。《论语·子路篇》:“居处恭,执事敬,与人忠。”“恭”侧重于外貌的谦逊有礼,“敬”侧重于内心的严肃敬重。在家中规规矩矩,办事认真,待人忠心诚意。
由认真引申指警惕、戒备、严肃、慎重。如《诗经》,“维予小子,夙夜敬止。”意思是我早晚都要戒慎啊。
“敬”字启慧
恭读“敬”字,似乎每一个“部件”都在语重心长地教导我——
【草】字头表矮小,谦卑;草,茎干柔软,寓一颗柔软的心。
【句】字,把【口】放在【勹】中,切勿多言,多言漏口。
【攵】一位长者,手里拿着一根教鞭在教育后人。作为教育工作者的一员,我的智慧是否足够引导学生。
【敬】 读音【静】,归静于心,才能生敬,斋心戒,謹言行,处身以恭!
“天地君亲师”都是我们敬重的对象。
敬天——天是人间祸福的主宰,也是自然的支配者。天行健,君子自强不息。
敬地——一切生存所需都取之于大地,大地是母亲。地势坤,君子厚德载福。
敬君——从伏羲女娲开始,炎帝、黄帝、尧、舜、禹、汤、到文、武、周公……
历史上的有道明君,把人们从茹毛饮血的蛮荒时代引导至人类文明时代。奠定人伦大纲,功绩后人受益。
敬亲——孝悌仁义。对长辈孝顺,对同辈友好,对朋友宽容,对晚辈慈爱,夫妻之间有礼遇……
敬师——父母孕育肉体,师者培育心灵。一日为师,终身为父。“师”是“天地君亲师”的代言者;是中国历史文化的传播者。“尊师”的实质在于“重道”,“重道”才是“尊师”的核心价值之所在。
是的,每一天,我都会至少半个小时心怀敬意,严肃整齐地盘坐,认真的思考今天所思,所言,所做,是否符合仁义之道…… 每天坚持进步一点点,促使自己保持在一个安泰、祥和、清静之中。
执笔文字 语文特级吉春亚
审核 古文字学者 李鹏飞
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