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诗是抒情的文学,而且是借助于意象或意象创设的意境自然而然地抒发情感的文学。什么是意境?意境就是一幅画。连环画可以当作叙事诗,独物画可以当作咏物诗,多物画可以当作写景诗。实际上,所有的诗都可以归结到写景诗里。诗中的景是情感的载体,“载情”的方式不一样。看到一种景(包括一个物)就生发一种情,这叫即景生情或触景生情。这种景是客观的景,要“载情”,必须通过“联想”这个媒介,也就是说,必须用到联想这种表现手法。借景抒情和触景生情(即景生情)一样吗?不一样。借景抒情的“景”是诗人刻意选取的,不象触景生情(即景生情)的“景”是无意中“碰”到的。借景抒情往往要用到烘托手法和渲染手法,有时还会用到对比手法和象征手法。这些手法是连接景和情的桥梁。寓情于景(融情于景)又是怎么回事呢?诗人把感情融在景里,景为情染,景不完全是客观的景,而是带主观色彩的景。一般而言,借景抒情加上寓情于景(融情于景),景中有情,情中有景,往往也就做到情景交融了。诗歌这种文学是高雅的文学,没有一定的理论基础是欣赏不了的。所以,掌握诗歌理论是十分必要
的。
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